In this paper, we study CYCLIC SURFACES in E15 generated by homothetic motions of a Lorentzian circle. The properties of these CYCLIC SURFACES up to first order are investigated. We show that, as it is shown in E5, CYCLIC 2-SURFACES in E15, in general, are contained in canal hyperSURFACES. Finally, we give an example.

Aim and Background: This study investigates the biological properties of CYCLIC RGD peptides being covalently immobilized via click chemistry onto alkyne terminated silicon SURFACES. Material and methods: At first CYCLIC RGD peptides were reacted with 4-azidophenyl isothiocyanate via a specific reaction. The azidated peptide was then covalently immobilized on an alkyne-terminated monolayer on silicon SURFACES via the Cu (I)-catalyzed 1, 3-dipolarcycloaddition reaction. The surface structures of the attached peptide and control SURFACES were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy. Then after seeding human fibroblast cells on the peptide and control substrates, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) was used to examine the morphology of human fibroblast cells. Adhesion and proliferation of human fibroblast cells on control and modified SURFACES were analyzed by cell adhesion and (MTS) assay. Results: XPS and ATR-FTIR analysis showed the CYCLIC RGD peptides were successfully immobilized on silicon SURFACES. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) demonstrated that human fibroblast cells homogenously distributed across the peptide-modified substrates and had a uniform appearance. Peptide-modified SURFACES exhibited substantially superior cellular responses compared to those on control SURFACES. Conclusion: The research may suggest a procedure for the fabrication of biologically active SURFACES in biosensor platforms.

Background: Anti-CYCLIC citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies are highly specific and predictive for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recently, existence of anti-CCP in several other inflammatory conditions from psoriatic arthritis to neurodegenerative disorder like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been reported. We compared the level of anti-CCP titer between the patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease; then, we compared it between the patients with mild rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer’s disease.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 29 patients with Alzheimer’s disease, 30 patients with mild cognitive impairment and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. Anti-CCP titer was measured by solid phase enzyme immunoassay kit. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey tests.Findings: Level of anti-CCP titer (mean±SD) was higher significantly in patients with Alzheimer’ s disease (13.6±1.6) was higher than healthy subjects (4.2±1.1) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (4.8±1.3) (P=0.0100 for both). Anti-CCP serum level in 32.1% of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 95.5% of patients with mild rheumatoid arthritis was higher than normal range. In addition, the antibody level was significantly higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (54.7±4.8) compared to patients with Alzheimer’s disease (P=0.0001).Conclusion: We obviously observed differences in Anti-CCP titer between patients with Alzheimer’s disease and those with mild rheumatoid arthritis. It was expected since anti-CCP has a high specificity for rheumatoid arthritis and become positive in early stages of disease with a high predictive value. However, we found that in early stages of cognitive impairment, we could not use this biomarker as a diagnostic test but during disease progression, a significant difference was observed between patients with mild cognitive impairment and those with Alzheimer’s disease. It needs more studies to confirm the role of anti-CCP antibody production in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

In order to predict the permittivity and excess permittivity data of binary systems containing CYCLIC ketones (cyclohexanone and cyclopentanone) and 1, 4-butanediols, various mixing rules were used [1, 2]. The permittivity increment, ( ) 12 1 1 2 2   = − x + x  , was also evaluated in this research using the predicted data. 1 x and 2 x are the mole fractions of the components 1 and 2, 1  and 2  are the permittivities of the pure components. As shown in Fig. 1, the experimental permittivity values for three systems containing 1, 4-butanediol (1, 4BD) and two CYCLIC ketones were estimated by several mixing rules. Typically, for cyclohexanone and 1, 4-butanediol mixtures, the predicted excess permittivity data were compared and shown in Fig. 2. As it can be seen from Table 1, the Lichteneker-Rother model shows the lower root mean square deviation (rmsd) value, which indicates that the Lichteneker-Rother model presents the best result between the predictive models.

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis, (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with a progressive course requiring early diagnosis and treatment. The value of anti-CYCLIC citrullinated peptide antibodies (Anti-CCP) in the diagnosis of RA has been shown in several studies. The present study was designed to determine and compare the diagnostic value of Anti-CCP and rheumatoid factor (RF) for RA.Methods: 207 females and 48 males with RA, diagnosed by clinical criteria, with the mean age of 50±13.8 years and 290 non-RA controls with the mean age of 47±14 years were enrolled in the study. Serum samples were taken for assessment of Anti-CCP and RF from all participants.Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and negative likelihood ratio (LR-)and their 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were estimated by comparison of patients with controls. Results: In patients with RA, Anti-CCP was positive in 79.2% and RF was positive in 72.1%; and both antibodies were positive in 64.7%, and both negative in 13.3%. 47.8% of seronegative RA was Anti-CCP positive and 7.8% of anti-CCP negative were RF positive.Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, LR+ and LR- for Anti-CCP in diagnosis of RA were: 79.2%, 94.8%. 93.08%, 83.8%, 13.46 and 0.19 respectively; for RF the respective values were 72.1%, 90.6%, 87.2 %, 78.7%, 6.81, and 0.26. For both Anti-CCP and RF the values were 64.7%, 97.5%, 95.9 %, 75.8%, 26.8and 0.36.Anti-CCP was more diagnostic than RF and both antibodies had more diagnostic values than either of them alone. Anti-CCP yielded a specificity of 89.6% and PPV of 85% for diagnosis of seronegative RA.Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that anti-CCP has a higher diagnostic performance than RF. It is highly useful in the diagnosis of seronegative RA. In addition, presence of both antibodies is more diagnostic than either of them alone.

In this paper, we classify SURFACES at a constant distance from the edge of regression on a translation surface of Type 1 in the three dimensional simply isotropic space I13 satisfying some algebraic equations in terms of the coordinate functions and the Laplacian operators with respect to the first, the second and the third fundamental forms of the surface. We also give explicit forms of these SURFACES.

Background and Aim: A key factor in restoring the endodontically treated teeth is ferrule preparation. When the ferrule is absent, occlusal loads may cause the post or root to fracture. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of ferrule preparation on fatigue resistance of teeth restored with quartz-fiber posts.Materials and Methods: Twenty single-rooted lower premolars having similar dimentions were randomly devided into two groups of 10. In control group the teeth were prepared with 3-mm of remaining coronal tooth structure and in test group teeth were prepared with 1-mm of remaining coronal tooth structure. The teeth were endodontically treated. 9-mm long Post holes were prepared, and D.T. light quartz-fiber(RTD,France) posts were cemented with Panavia F2(Kuraray,Japan).Then the core build up was done with Bisco core build up composite(Bisco,USA) and full metal crowns were cemented with Zinc phosphate(Harvard cement, Germany). All specimens were mounted in acrylic resin blocks and intermittently loaded (180 N) at an angulation of 45- degree to the long axis of the teeth at a frequency of 4 loads per second, until failure occurred.Results: There was significant difference between the loads cycles of two groups studied. (p<0.0001).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that an increased amount of coronal dentin significantly increases the fracture resistance of teeth restored with quartz-fiber posts.

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Efforts to develop tissue-engineered skin for regenerative medicine have explored natural, synthetic, and hybrid hydrogels. The creation of a bilayer material, with the stratification exhibited by native skin, is a complex problem. The mechanically robust, waterproof epidermis presents the stratum corneum at the tissue/air interface, which confers many of these protective properties. In this work, we explore the effect of high temperatures on alginate hydrogels, which are widely employed for tissue engineering due to their excellent mechanical properties and cellular compatibility. In particular, we investigate the rapid dehydration of the hydrogel surface which occurs following local exposure to heated SURFACES with temperatures in the range 100–200oC. We report the creation of a mechanically strengthened hydrogel surface, with improved puncture resistance and increased coefficient of friction, compared to an unheated surface. The use of a mechanical restraint during heating promoted differences in the rate of mass loss; the rate of temperature increase within the hydrogel, in the presence and absence of restraint, is simulated and discussed. It is hoped that the results will be of use in the development of processes suitable for preparing skin-like analogues; application areas could include wound healing and skin restoration.